There are many variations of syrian hamsters, with dozens of coat colours, patters and lengths. The most common variety of syrian hamster is the golden hamster, which was the colour of the first syrian hamster that game birth in captivity (this is the reason syrianhamsters are generally known as "golden hamsters"). Variations are often called mutations as the result differs from normal hamsters.
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Colours can be described in three ways: as "self", "agouti" or "combinations". Self colours will be a consistent coat colour with the same colour topcoat and undercoat. Agouti hamsters have a different, lighter undercoat and will have markings around the eyes. Combinations are produced when two (or more) self or agouti colours are present. These could also be described as cross breeds.
Beige is a rare colour, because it is produced by breeding together a hamster with the rust and dark grey gene, which are, themselves, rare.[1] The beige variety is often smaller than the rest of the litter and may have a kinked tail.
| Variation | Genotype |
|---|---|
| Beige | bbdgdg |
The black colour was imported to the UK in 1991.[2] Before then, Sables were referred to as black, but are lighter than the actual black bear hamsters. Black bear hamsters have a consistent jet black coat, with some white on the paws and belly. The black gene is recessive, which is why the variation was not discovered until recently. The discovery of the black hamster has allowed scientists and breeders to produce many new variations, including Dove, when bred with cinnamon hamsters, and chocolate, when combined with rust.
| Variation | Genotype |
|---|---|
| Black | aa |
The cream variety ranges from sandy to orange-cream. This variation (a naturally occurring mutation)[3] was first discovered in the United Kingdom in the year 1951[4] and is a "self" colour. There are further sub-types of this variation, determined by the colour of their eyes, which can be black, red or ruby. All ruby-eyed males are sterile.[5] Black eyed creams typically have dark grey ears, although this is not necessarily the case, whereas red eyed creams have flesh coloured ears.
| Variation | Genotype |
|---|---|
| Black eyed cream | ee |
| Red eyed cream | eepp |
| Ruby eyed cream | eeruru |
When it was discovered in 1975, this variation was originally named black. Since the discovery of the melanistic black variety, it has been renamed to sable. The topcoat is black and the undercoat is ivory cream, with a black belly, black eyes and dark-grey ears. The fur around the eyes is also ivory cream.
| Variation | Genotype |
|---|---|
| Sable | UUee |
There are three different types of white hamster: dark and flesh eared and black eyed. All three are completely white. The dark eared variety first appeared in 1952 and has red eyes which darken as the animal ages. Black eyed whites have flesh coloured ears. Flesh eared whites, often described as albinos, were first mentioned in the National Hamster Council Journal in 1956. As the name suggests, albinos have flesh ears and pink eyes.[6]
| Variation | Genotype |
|---|---|
| Black eyed white | eeDsds or eeWhwh |
| Dark eared white | cdcd |
| Flesh eared white (Albino) | cdcdpp |
The colour of a hamsters eyes and ears is usually determined by the coat colour. Some coat colours have several different eye and ear colour combinations, however, such as the cream variety which can have black, red or ruby eyes.
First reported in 1957,[7] a banded hamster will have a band of white around the middle. The width of the band will differ, from a small strip to most of the body. Most colours can exist banded.
The first Piebald was reported in 1945.[8] A Piebald is a coloured hamster which has white spots on its body. The spots can be few and small or can cover the hamster. Piebalds can also have coloured bellies. This pattern is hard to breed and is believed to be extinct by some.[9]
The dominant spot variety was first discovered in America, in the year 1964[10] and quickly became more popular than the Piebald variety due to it being easy to breed. The variety is described by UK and US standards as "a white animal with coloured spots".
The first hamsters discovered were shorthairs. Shorthair hamsters simply have short hair.
The longhair coat type is a hamster with hair which is up to 4 inches (10 cm).[11] They are often referred to as "teddy bears" due to their bear-like appearance. Male 'teddy bears' usually have much longer hair than female 'teddy bears'. Hair is typically longer from the hips down, forming a 'skirt'.
To avoid confusion, all genomes listed are those stated in Hamsterlopedia by Chris and Peter Logsdail, ISBN 1860542468, unless referenced otherwise. Some sources may use different sources.